What are features and labels in ML?

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🔹 Features

  • Features are the input variables (independent variables) that describe each data point.

  • They represent the information the model uses to make predictions.

  • Features can be numerical (age, temperature), categorical (gender, color), or even textual/images (words in a sentence, pixels in an image).

  • Example: In a house price prediction model, features might include size of the house, number of rooms, location, year built.

🔹 Labels

  • The label is the output variable (dependent variable) that the model is trying to predict.

  • In supervised learning, labels are provided in the training dataset.

  • Example: In the same house price model, the label would be the actual price of the house.

🔹 Example Dataset (House Prices)

Size (sq ft)RoomsLocationPrice (Label)
12003City A50,00,000
20004City B80,00,000
  • Features: Size, Rooms, Location

  • Label: Price

🔹 Key Points

  • Features → What we give the model

  • Labels → What we want the model to predict

  • In supervised learning, both features and labels are present during training.

  • In unsupervised learning, only features exist (no labels).

In short:

  • Features = inputs describing the problem.

  • Labels = outputs (ground truth) the model learns to predict.

Read more :


What is cross-validation?

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